By George E. Meinig D.D.S., F.A.C.D.
Most everyone involved in endodontics is familiar with the *Root Cause* documentary. The movie is based on The Focal Infection Theory, a concept that is not only over 100 years old but has also been debunked by scientific research as far back as the 1930s. Despite this, it is not the first time this theory has caused a stir during our careers, and we’re certain it won’t be the last.
We thought we’d revisit the last time this theory gained some traction in the dental community, which was in 1994 when a book titled *Root Canal Cover-Up* was published by Dr. George Meinig, a founding member of the American Association of Endodontists. The book included an introduction by Dr. Edwin Van Valey, a past president of the association. Dr. Meinig’s book is based on the research of Dr. Weston Price, conducted over 100 years ago using outdated methods from an era when the medical community had a limited understanding of immunology and infection. Consequently, the validity of Dr. Price’s conclusions has been disproved by many subsequent investigations.
Dr. Weston Price, a proponent of the focal infection theory, was once the Director of the National Dental Association, a precursor to the American Dental Association. This theory had a devastating impact on dental care at the time, leading to the widespread extraction of millions of teeth in a misguided effort to cure numerous ailments. The extraction of teeth was erroneously thought to be a treatment for a range of conditions including heart and eye infections, kidney and bladder problems, ovarian and testicular diseases, hyperactivity, depression, and arthritis.
Contrary to claims made in Dr. Meinig’s book, there has been no “Cover-Up” of Dr. Price’s research. Rather, it has become a non-issue for the medical and dental communities due to advances in science. Dr. Meinig asserted that his book is exposing the cover-up facts will point out how bacteria trapped in dental tubules can escape and be transported to another organ, gland, or body tissue where they start a whole new infection. However, extensive research and clinical experience have consistently demonstrated that endodontic therapy is safe and effective, with medical and dental studies continuing to validate these findings.
It is important to clear up some misconceptions about endodontically treated teeth. A tooth that has undergone root canal therapy is not a “dead” tooth. It maintains a relationship with the surrounding tissues, and the tooth’s life depends on the attachment apparatus to the jawbone rather than the integrity of the pulp. If a root canal-treated tooth were truly “dead,” it would be rejected by the body, as the body does not tolerate dead tissue. Most root canal-treated teeth are not infected, although some may be. Infection only occurs when microorganisms provoke a reaction, like how the skin is covered with microorganisms but remains uninfected under normal circumstances due to a functioning immune system. The presence of bacteria does not necessarily indicate an infection.
Clinical studies comparing individuals with extensive dental work, including root canal-treated teeth, to those without have found no difference in the likelihood of developing various diseases. Other studies, which involved extracting teeth from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, concluded that there was no benefit from the removal. Microscopic examinations have shown that the bone around successfully treated abscessed teeth usually heals without any evidence of infection.
Interestingly, a disclaimer in fine print at the beginning of Dr. Meinig’s book warns readers that “Readers of the information and material contained in this book should keep in mind that the various degenerative diseases that were found to take place during these studies (Dr. Price’s) also commonly arise from infections, other than those around teeth, and are also commonly due to nutritional deficiencies and/or excesses and to the wide range of biomechanical individuality that exists.” In the vast majority of cases, there is absolutely no modern evidence to support the claim that endodontically treated teeth serve as a focus of infection. Rather, teeth treated appropriately with modern conventional endodontic therapy have a very high success rate (90 to 95%), preventing unnecessary tooth loss and leading to healthy, functional, and aesthetic outcomes.
The American Dental Association’s Division of Scientific Affairs believes that endodontic treatment performed by qualified clinicians does not cause systemic disease.
Happy National Dentists’ Day on March 6! Though May is the month dedicated to AAE’s pinnacle public awareness event, Save Your Tooth Month, March also has its share of reasons to celebrate dentistry. National Dentists’ Day falls during Dental Assistant Recognition Week (March 2-8) – a perfect time to show appreciation for these essential professionals who help you and your patients each day. March 20 marks World Oral Health Day, aiming to empower people with the knowledge, tools, and confidence to secure good oral health. The global focus of World Oral Health Day is the perfect segue to this month’s theme: international endodontics.
Goal 2 of the AAE Strategic Plan is: The AAE will be recognized for providing an environment that is welcoming and supports the diversity of its members as leaders for the global advancement of endodontics. Reflecting on this, the AAE values our international members and relationships with endodontic organizations worldwide. Through joint initiatives, knowledge exchange, and shared advocacy, we are strengthening the specialty.
AAE Welcomes International Members
AAE warmly welcomes our International and International Resident members as a growing segment of our community. Collegiality is a core value of the AAE, evident in a friendly and inclusive professional culture characterized by fellowship and mutual respect. It is exciting and gratifying to witness the collegiality extended to AAE members globally. We were delighted to welcome over 700 attendees from outside of the US to AAE24 in Los Angeles and there could be even more at AAE25 in Boston.
AAE and IFEA: Hosting the World Endodontic Congress in 2028
In an exciting collaboration, AAE will host the 16th World Endodontic Congress of the International Federation of Endodontic Associations (IFEA) in 2028. Save the date for September 13-17, 2028, in New York City! The meeting will bring together endodontists worldwide, fostering innovation and advancing the field in one of the most vibrant and accessible cities in the world.
I had the honor of representing the AAE at the 14th World Endodontic Congress in Glasgow, Scotland, in September 2024. This prestigious gathering provided a platform for global leaders in endodontics to exchange ideas, highlight emerging research, and discuss the future of the profession. AAE and IFEA leaders discussed opportunities for collaboration, and AAE joined IFEA in promoting and celebrating World Endodontic Day on October 16, 2024.
AAE and IADT: Working Together on Dental Trauma
This past July, AAE leadership participated in the 23rd World Congress on Dental Traumatology, organized by the International Association for Dental Traumatology (IADT). Discussions centered on strengthening collaboration between our organizations, particularly in promoting best practices for managing traumatic dental injuries. In 2023, we partnered with IADT on a patient-focused article about knocked-out teeth.
AAE was proud to support the establishment of Global Dental and Oral Trauma Day on September 21, an IADT-led initiative to raise awareness about prevention and treatment of dental trauma worldwide. Further, AAE members have served in key IADT leadership roles, underscoring our shared commitment to improving patient outcomes in dental traumatology.
AAE and ESE: Collaborating on Endodontic Diagnostic Terminology
AAE and European Society of Endodontology (ESE) have convened a Joint Special Committee to Update Diagnostic Terminology. The committee is reviewing the current diagnostic terminology, adopted in 2009, and aims to propose updates based on current research and clinical practice. We look forward to disseminating the committee’s work through opportunities for stakeholder input in the coming months and in the literature.
The past year has been one of growth and global engagement. Through ongoing partnerships with international organizations like IFEA, IADT, and ESE, the AAE is shaping the future of the specialty, ensuring that endodontists everywhere have access to the latest knowledge and techniques to provide the best patient care.
As we look ahead to AAE25 in Boston, I encourage our international members to take full advantage of this opportunity to engage with colleagues from around the world. Whether it’s attending cutting-edge educational sessions, networking with fellow endodontists, or sharing insights that strengthen our specialty globally, your voices and experiences are invaluable. If you’re planning to attend, I’d love to connect—please don’t hesitate to reach out or introduce yourself at the meeting. Together, we are building a stronger, more connected endodontic community, and I look forward to continuing this important work with all of you!
After a year of legal battles over the Corporate Transparency Act’s implementation, the U.S. Treasury announced it will not enforce penalties, including fines, against companies that fail to submit a Beneficial Ownership Information (BOI) report. This marks a significant victory for endodontic practices with fewer than 20 employees and under $5 million in annual revenue, as they would have otherwise been required to disclose sensitive business information to the federal government by March 21.
To reduce the administrative burden on its members, the AAE has actively opposed this law. Leading up to the original January 1, 2025, reporting deadline, the AAE spearheaded a grassroots campaign urging Congress to delay and repeal the measure. AAE President Natasha Flake also submitted formal comments supporting legislation to permanently repeal the Act. The AAE has opposed the law not only due to its onerous requirements but also because the Treasury Department has failed to adequately inform small businesses about compliance obligations, despite the risk of steep fines and civil penalties.
Later this month, the U.S. Treasury plans to issue a final interim rule to clarify BOI reporting requirements. Given the Administration’s and Treasury Department’s stated commitment to reducing regulatory burdens on businesses, the AAE remains hopeful that the new rule will better align with the interests of endodontic practices.
On February 21, AAE President, Dr. Natasha Flake and Executive Director, Ken Widelka met with ADA President, Dr. Brett Kessler, newly appointed Interim Executive Director, Dr. Elizabeth Shapiro, and their senior leadership to discuss AAE’s strategic goals and priorities.
A key focus of the discussion was the shared commitment of both associations to combating misinformation—both among the public and within the dental profession. AAE leadership highlighted its recent national PR campaign to counter root canal misinformation, which has been featured in over 1,000 online outlets nationwide, including the LA Times. The AAE also expressed its appreciation for the ADA’s latest policy strengthening its Code of Conduct and disciplinary actions to address misinformation and false advertising on social media by influencers and ADA members. Additionally, the leaders discussed the growing misinformation surrounding water fluoridation and reaffirmed their commitment to educating the public on its significant oral health benefits. Both associations agreed to continue partnering in the fight against misinformation and to promote evidence-based dentistry to the public and key stakeholders.
AAE and ADA leaders also explored their shared advocacy priorities and opportunities to strengthen collaboration on state and federal policy efforts. Both associations remain committed to advancing dental plan reforms, water fluoridation, student loan repayment and tax credits, oral health research funding, and more. The AAE also updated the ADA on its continued efforts to protect specialty recognition, including its latest advocacy to uphold specialty advertising laws in Ohio.
Finally, the discussion highlighted the associations’ ongoing work on the oral-systemic health connection and the broader significance of oral health research. The AAE expressed its appreciation for the ADA Forsyth Institute and the Health Policy Institute’s ongoing research initiatives, which provide valuable data to support endodontic practices and track dental industry trends. The AAE also emphasized its support for continued specialty-specific research to help specialty practices navigate evolving economic and industry challenges.
This meeting reaffirmed the strong partnership between the AAE and ADA in advancing the dental profession and promoting evidence-based practices. By working together, the AAE and ADA will continue to champion initiatives that protect patient care, strengthen dental practices, and uphold the highest standards of professional integrity.
The 2025 Leadership Development Program (LDP) brought together a group of promising endodontists for an inspiring two-day experience focused on professional growth, leadership development, and collaboration. Hosted at Sable at Navy Pier in Chicago, IL, the event was designed to equip participants with the tools and insights needed to excel as future leaders in endodontics and within the American Association of Endodontists.
A Transformative Learning Experience
Led by expert facilitators from the Academy for Advancing Leadership (AAL), the program featured interactive sessions that encouraged self-reflection, leadership skill-building, and strategic communication techniques. Some of the key sessions included:
- Actualizing Leadership Potential – Helping participants identify their natural leadership styles and areas for growth.
- The Power of Introspection and Refinement – Encouraging self-reflection as a tool for leadership development.
- Leading with Emotional Intelligence – Exploring how leaders can foster strong communication and trust.
- Overcoming Challenges & Building Mentorship Relationships – Preparing participants to navigate obstacles and contribute meaningfully to the profession.
Each session incorporated thought-provoking discussions, case studies, and real-world applications, allowing attendees to refine their leadership approach and develop a personalized action plan for future success.
Celebrating Our 2025 LDP Participants
Congratulations to the eleven outstanding emerging leaders who took part in this year’s program:
Hacer Aksel, Cyrous Ardalan, Priscilla Carpenter, Morgan Celistan, Callee Clark, Anh Do, Caley Mintz, Shreyas Oza, Abby Shannon, Dara Siegel, and William Walker.
Their enthusiasm, engagement, and commitment to leadership excellence were truly inspiring, and we look forward to seeing their continued contributions to the specialty.
Gratitude to Our Mentors and Contributors
A huge thank you to our mentors, who generously shared their time and expertise:
Katherine Divine, Robert Heydrich, Marcus Johnson, W. Craig Noblett, and Avina Paranjpe.
Their guidance and mentorship were invaluable to our participants.
Additionally, we extend our appreciation to AAE and Foundation for Endodontics Presidents, Natasha Flake and Patricia Tordik, for providing key insights into the AAE and the Foundation for Endodontics, helping participants better understand the impact and opportunities within our professional community.
Looking Ahead
The AAE remains committed to developing strong leaders in endodontics, and the Leadership Development Program is a cornerstone of that mission. We eagerly look forward to watching this exceptional group evolve and make a lasting impact on the future of endodontics.
Compiled by Rae Burach
AAE Member Dr. Bruce Terry doesn’t back down from a challenge—and we don’t just mean a difficult case at his Philadelphia-area practice. Dr. Terry, 64, thrives in extreme conditions and physical tests of endurance, so much so that he is the first-known U.S. dentist to scale each of the Seven Summits—the highest peaks on each of the seven continents.
His quest began in 2007 when Dr. Terry climbed Mt. Kilimanjaro in Africa. Over the next decade, he successfully summited Mt. Elbrus (Europe, 2010), Aconcagua (South America, 2012), Mt. McKinley (North America, 2014), Carstensz Pyramid (Australasia, 2015), Mt. Vinson (Antarctica, 2016), and finally, Mt. Everest (Asia, 2019), completing the prestigious challenge.
After conquering the world’s highest peaks, Dr. Terry shifted his focus to long-distance skiing. In 2024, he traversed the Greenland Ice Cap, and in January 2025, he skied the “Last Degree” to the South Pole—a grueling journey that requires navigating the final 60 nautical miles to the bottom of the world.
When he’s not pushing his limits in unforgiving environments, Dr. Terry is relieving patients’ pain, teaching at Temple University’s Kornberg School of Dentistry, or spending time with his wife and adult children. Read our interview with him to learn more about his life-changing experiences:
AAE: Was climbing the Seven Summits your goal when you set out to climb Mt. Kilimanjaro in 2007, or were you inspired to continue after reaching that summit?
Dr. Bruce Terry: I climbed Kilimanjaro two years after I had climbed Mt Rainier. I learned the basics of mountaineering on Rainier and learned about the seven summits. My wife and kids told me that I can go climbing, but I would never climb Everest because I was not a “real climber”; I was just a “dentist” from the Philadelphia suburbs. Each year, I would climb somewhere and gain both skill and love of the extreme outdoors. When I returned from Antarctica’s highest peak, Vinson, in 2016, my wife picked me up at the airport and asked, “When are you climbing Everest?” I told her that I was done and not allowed to climb Everest. She replied by saying that I can’t just stop at six or seven summits. I reminded her that I was not a “real climber.” She said that I was not a real climber when I started, but 14 years later I was more qualified than most of the people on my various expeditions. I trained harder than ever and climbed Cho Oyu (the world’s 6th highest peak) in 2018 and Everest in 2019.
AAE: Have you always been an avid hiker and camper, or is this something you partook in more frequently once you set your eyes on the goal of climbing the summits?
BT: I am an Eagle Scout, as is my son Henry. Scouting was a big part of my life growing up. I enjoyed backpacking once per month. As a young adult, I would go out weekend backpacking and do some easy rock climbing, but nothing like these summits. I have taken my wife and kids on several overnight trips, but only my son wanted more. After climbing Rainier, I wanted to do more technical mountaineering.
AAE: Is there one trip or experience that is your favorite or the most profound?
BT: Each trip has been a lifetime memory: the crazy jungles of Papua New Guinea to get to Carstensz Pyramid or the Hillary Step of Everest. I have read many stories about these amazing places, but when I got to the Khumbu Ice Fall on Everest or jungle of Papua, I paused in the moment to realize that I am not just reading about this—I am living and breathing it. When we had a fall coming off Denali or helping a climber who was having a heart attack on Aconcagua, I think about the real risks of what I am doing. I will carry these and so many other experiences with me forever.
AAE: What has been the most difficult challenge of these journeys?
BT: Training can be a lot of fun for me, but doing this type of sport requires you to basically be in the best shape of your life. Climbing Everest at 58 years old required me to train for one to two hours before and after work each day. Running or cycling indoors or outdoors, lifting weights, hiking with a weighted pack were my common workouts. I would spend four to six hours on Saturdays and Sundays and leave my house by 6 a.m. so I could get home by noon to be with my wife and kids. Doing all that training and still working, teaching and being a leader of the dental association was difficult. My last two ski expeditions forced me to pull a tire along the river for two to six hours several times per week.
AAE: What is it like to readjust to everyday life back in Pennsylvania after experiencing such survival? How does it affect your outlook as an endodontist?
BT: I often tell my patients that I go away to see the big picture. Hours upon hours of staring into the microscope make me dream of being back in the outdoors. It takes several weeks to feel back to normal. Your body is so worn out that it needs recovery. It’s fun to eat everything in sight. I love talking about my adventures with my patients, scout troops and other local groups. I have developed a lot of stamina and patience from these long expeditions. I return and still love being an endodontist. Patients and friends will ask, “Are you sad to be back at work?” I respond by saying that I love being in the mountains and being an endodontist; I really have the best of both worlds.
AAE: Do you find that being an endodontist provides a life balance that makes training and traveling accessible?
BT: I tell my residents that they are the luckiest people on this planet. The work-life balance as an endodontist is what you want it to be. We are so lucky to be able to make a good living doing something that most of us love to do and we can pursue so many other interests. It’s up to each of us to decide what’s best.
AAE: Why did you choose the endodontic specialty?
I went to dental school with the aim of becoming an orthodontist. During my D2 year I realized that ortho was not for me. My dream was shattered because I didn’t like tracing cephs or measuring angles. I really didn’t get what it was all about (no offense to the orthodontists. In fact, my daughter is an orthodontist.)
I like getting people out of pain and doing something that most dentists find very difficult. I found my passion in endodontics. I like the science and the process. My wife likes to tease me about being a “tooth nerd.”
AAE: Is there anything else you’d like to share about your experiences?
BT: After climbing the tallest peaks around the world, I switched gears and began long-distance ski trips. In May of 2024, I skied across the Greenland Ice Cap for 375 miles in 30 days pulling a 170-pound sled. I traveled to Antarctica in January and spent eight days traveling 70 miles to the South Pole. I have met so many amazing people—young and old—from many different countries and with many different reasons for climbing. The one common denominator for all of us was our love of the outdoors and the desire for a challenge to go where so few travel. I have made so many friends that I continue to stay in touch with. On my recent trip to the South Pole, I met Cat Buford, a dentist from the U.K. She did a solo ski trip unsupported for 700 miles over 55 days and finished the day before us. She was an incredible woman with a great story. She has not climbed the highest peaks—she just wanted to get out and do a long ski journey for fun.
Also, one of my teammates was biting into a frozen Snickers bar and a crown came off. I always bring temp cement and cavit for dental emergencies. I recemented his crown in the tent later that day.
Rae Burach is the AAE’s integrated communications specialist.
By Gordon Lai, DDS, MSD
As we navigate the ever evolving landscape of dental education, it’s exciting to explore how the latest advances in digital technologies can enhance our current teaching methods and improve student learning. Today, I want to share some innovative ways that we have incorporated these digital technologies at University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry for the benefit of our predoctoral students as well as endodontic residents.
The Emergence of 3D Printing in Endodontics
3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is a process that creates three-dimensional objects by adding material layer by layer, based on a digital model. In endodontics, this technology has transformed the way educators and students approach complex dental procedures.
Advantages of 3D Printing in Education
- Customized Learning Aids: Traditional dental models used in education are often generic and do not cater to the unique anatomical variations found in real patients. 3D printing allows the creation of customized models that replicate specific clinical scenarios, enabling students to practice on realistic and patient-specific cases.
- Enhanced Understanding of Anatomy: Endodontic procedures require a deep understanding of the intricate structures within the tooth. 3D-printed models provide a tangible, hands-on tool for studying these structures, offering a more comprehensive understanding than two-dimensional images or diagrams.
- Simulation of Clinical Procedures: With 3D printing, it is possible to simulate various clinical procedures, from root canal treatments to complex surgeries. These simulations allow students to practice repeatedly without the risk of causing harm to real patients, thus building their confidence and competence.
- Cost-Effective Solutions: Traditional methods of creating realistic dental models and surgical guides can be expensive and time-consuming. 3D printing offers a cost-effective and rapid alternative, making it easier for educational institutions to provide high-quality training resources in house rather than relying on outside companies and laboratories.
Practical Applications in Endodontic Training
One practical application of 3D printing in endodontic education is the creation of transparent tooth models. These models allow students to observe the internal structures and the progress of their procedures in real-time. Additionally, educators can use 3D printing to develop surgical guides that assist in precise drilling and placement during endodontic surgeries, ensuring that students learn to execute procedures with high accuracy.
This 3D printed model (Figure A) was created specifically to help an endodontic resident on her first bioceramic putty apexification case. The model was generated based off the actual patient CBCT data so that she could practice the procedure beforehand to familiarize herself with the procedure. Figure B shows the resident’s attempt on the 3D model and Figure C shows the actual final results on the patient.
Mixed Reality in Endodontics
Mixed reality (MR) combines elements of both augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR), blending the physical and digital worlds to create immersive experiences. MR has the potential to transform endodontic education by providing interactive and engaging learning environments.
Benefits of Mixed Reality
- Immersive Learning Experiences: MR enables students to interact with digital models and simulations in a way that traditional methods cannot match. For example, students can visualize the anatomy of a tooth in 3D, rotate it, and observe it from different angles, gaining a deeper understanding of spatial relationships and complex structures.
- Real-Time Guidance and Feedback: During clinical procedures, MR can provide real-time guidance and feedback. By overlaying digital markers and instructions onto the physical anatomy of a patient, students can receive step-by-step assistance, reducing the likelihood of errors and improving the quality of their work.
- Increased Engagement and Retention: The interactive nature of MR makes learning more engaging and enjoyable. Students are more likely to retain information and develop a genuine interest in the subject when they are actively involved in the learning process.
- Remote Learning Capabilities: MR technology can create virtual classrooms and training sessions, allowing students from different geographical locations to participate in high-quality education without the need for physical presence. This is particularly beneficial in the current global scenario, where remote learning has become increasingly important.
Implementing Mixed Reality
One of the most promising applications of MR in endodontics is the development of MR-based training modules. These modules can guide students through various procedures, such as root canal treatments, by overlaying digital instructions onto a physical model or even a real patient. Additionally, MR can be used to create virtual patient simulations, where students can practice diagnosing and treating dental conditions in a controlled, risk-free environment.
Figure D shows an example of creating an unique gemination tooth model based off patient’s CBCT data to allow residents to practice working on this rare anatomy. Figure E shows a case being treatment planned in the VR environment which allows the operator to study the relevant CBCT data, along with radiographs and the 3D model of the tooth that can be freely rotated and magnified as needed.
Embracing the Future
As technology continues to evolve, the possibilities for integrating 3D printing and mixed reality into endodontic education are limitless. Future advancements could include the use of AI to personalize learning experiences, the development of more sophisticated VR/AR simulations, and the incorporation of haptic feedback to better simulate the tactile sensations of dental procedures.
Incorporating these technologies along with other advances in digital technology into our endodontic education programs holds immense potential to revolutionize how we teach and how students learn. By embracing these innovations, we can provide more engaging, effective, and personalized education experiences that prepare our students for the challenges of modern endodontics.
Let’s continue to explore and experiment with these technologies, sharing our successes and learning from each other.
Gordon Lai, DDS, MSD, is an assistant professor at the University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry in San Francisco.
Dear Endodontic Residents and New Practitioners,
As February comes to a close, may we take a moment to reflect on the significance of Black History Month in our country as well as the contributions of our Black leaders and trailblazers within the field of endodontics. I hope that you will join me in intentionally carrying this spirit of listening, appreciating, and advocating for our fellow humans of all ethnicities as we go throughout 2025.
It is almost time for our Fourth Annual MTA Madness Bracket Challenge! Selection Sunday for the NCAA Basketball Tournament is on Sunday, March 16. Keep an eye on your email inbox over the next couple of weeks with instructions on how to register. There is no entry fee; however, there will be a pretty hefty prize for the winner!
AAE25 in Boston will be here before we know it! The schedule is packed with an incredible lineup- prepare to have to make some tough decisions on which sessions you would like to attend. While every day has tons of content geared towards those of us in the younger endo crowd, there are some very specific sessions that I want to make you aware of on Friday, April 4:
- 10:00-11:30 a.m. – Career Fair
- 10:15-11:45 a.m. – E-8 – PANEL: Practice Model Trends for Associates (DSO, Private Practice, Multi-Specialty Practice, Traveling Endo)
- 3:00-4:30 p.m. – SP-35 – Saving, Investing, and Building Wealth: A Primer for Residents and New Graduates
- 5:30-6:30 p.m. – Resident Reception
I cannot wait to see many of you at the Annual Meeting, and I look forward to catching up. In the meantime, if myself or any of the RNPC members can be of assistance, please do not hesitate to reach out to me at acgdmd@gmail.com. Lastly, if you would like to contribute any content to the next edition of The Paper Point, I always welcome that.
Have a great week!
Austyn C. Grissom
Chair, Resident and New Practitioner Committee
By Anil Kishen, B.D.S., M.D.S., Ph.D.
Like many of you, I have had the opportunity to attend educational and scientific talks that, despite their importance, sometimes fall short of effectively engaging and informing the audience. I still vividly remember my first oral presentation on the biomechanics of endodontics at a national conference in India. After my presentation, I asked my close friends for feedback. They said, “You did well, but we didn’t understand anything.” Reflecting on that incident, I see several red flags. Presenting at a national conference in front of 500 people made me very anxious. I was discussing engineering principles to explain failure and success in endodontic treatment, a topic unfamiliar to my audience. I was over-prepared and over-rehearsed, and my anxiety made me babble without pauses or any voice modulation. Additionally, during those days, we used 35mm slides instead of the current PowerPoint or Keynote formats, which made formatting, animation, and schematics quite challenging. Since then, I have been seeking meaningful ways to enhance my presentation skills, recognizing how crucial effective communication is.
My journey towards mastering the art of presentation has been a continuous one. Rehearsing a presentation as you intend to deliver it and learning from role models can be incredibly beneficial. However, early formal training in effective delivery techniques could have helped me avoid the mistakes I made. While it’s true that not every scientist or clinician excels at communication, I have learned that we can improve our presentation skills with the right mindset, preparation, and practice. Mastering these techniques not only benefits the individual but also serves to inspire and motivate others in the field.
Throughout my career, I have been invited to speak to various audiences from diverse backgrounds, including dentists, endodontists, various dental specialists, medical doctors, engineers, biological scientists, and even a group of mathematicians. In such situations, it is essential to consider who your audience is and your goal for speaking to them. Understanding your purpose will guide what you want to communicate and how you say it. Consider what you want the audience to take away from your presentation. Starting with the end in mind is a valuable approach. An effective presentation should engage the audience, but achieving this can be more challenging than it sounds. Adhering to the principle of keeping it simple will help in this respect, which is fundamental in an era where overwhelming scientific data and technology-based distractions frequently challenge attention. Studies suggest that capturing the audience’s attention must be done continuously.
A successful presentation needs a clear central message that is supported by logical ideas, guiding the audience on a journey. This message should stem from a thoughtful interpretation of the information or findings presented. It is what the audience anticipates and what encourages discussion and collaboration. A presentation without a clear central message can leave the audience feeling unfulfilled. To ensure that the audience is engaged and focused, I have begun emphasizing the central message of my presentation in the first few slides. This approach creates anticipation for what is to follow and guides all sections of the presentation: an attractive title, background, main body, and conclusions. It is advisable to rehearse the presentation in advance to minimize jitters. Breathing and relaxation exercises before presenting can help alleviate anxiety. The focus should be on the presenter, speaking spontaneously with the slides as backup support. Presenters should walk confidently, maintain eye contact, and project enthusiasm.
Storytelling is a powerful tool I have appreciated in my recent presentations. As an American writer and cultural anthropologist Mary Catherine Bateson stated, “The human species thinks in metaphors and learns through stories.” Using a personal story is an excellent way to illustrate a point or engage the audience. Presenting the story in the present tense can effectively draw the audience in, whether a personal experience or a patient case. This technique makes the presentation more engaging and helps the audience feel connected and involved in the narrative.
Visual perception is crucial in human communication, so presentations should prioritize images over text. Use minimal wording on slides to support your talk and present key points as bullet statements, avoiding cluttered text and graphics. Instead of saying, “I know this slide is busy,” address any potential issues with the slide beforehand. The audience will appreciate a clear presentation rather than a pre-emptive apology. Limit each slide to six bullet points and no more than seven words per line. It’s essential to choose an appropriate font size for both the title and content, taking into account the dimensions of the presentation room. Avoid using all capital letters or italics, as these can hinder reading comprehension. Regularly summarize key points to help the audience focus on the most critical information. Make an effort to draw an overarching conclusion that aligns with your goals. Consider what you want your audience to learn from the presentation. Images or diagrams are often more effective than wordy slides filled with conclusions. Speak loudly but calmly, and aim for one slide per minute. Rehearsing your presentation can help you anticipate questions. Avoid reading directly from the slides or a script, and try not to adopt a defensive tone or body language when faced with inquiries.
In conclusion, improving your presentation skills is an ongoing journey that demands dedication and self-awareness. By recording and reviewing your presentations, you can pinpoint areas for improvement and actively seek feedback from colleagues or mentors. It’s crucial to recognize the need to enhance key presentation skills and address these gaps by learning from respected colleagues or seeking expert guidance. With consistent practice and a commitment to improvement, you can master the art of presenting and become a more effective speaker.
Compiled by Dr. Priscilla L. Carpenter
From cutting hair to leading in endodontics, meet NOVA’s next chief resident.
The Paper Point: Hi Dr. Ho! Thanks for sitting down with me. To begin, tell us a little bit about yourself.
Dr. Binh Ho: Hi Dr. Carpenter, Thank you so much for having me. It is such an honor to be interviewed by you and the Paper Point. I am originally from Vietnam. I came over to the U.S. by myself at the age of 16 to go to high school in upstate New York. Then I slowly making my way around to the Midwest, Louisiana, DC and now Florida. I proudly graduated from Howard University (HU-You Know) College of Dentistry in 2018 and was practicing as a GP in the Tampa, FL area for a few years. Last year, I was so honored and grateful to be selected as part of NOVA Endo residency class of 2026 with all my wonderful co-residents and phenomenal faculty.
The Paper Point: That’s awesome! Not only did you come here alone from Vietnam, you’ve lived in quite a few states—New York, Iowa, Illinois, Louisiana, D.C., and now Florida. How do you think moving around so much has shaped your perspective, both personally and as a future endodontist?
Dr. Ho: Living in so many places definitely has helped me so much in my growth, both in my personal and professional life. It really has provided me with the chance to see life and view different issues from a variety of perspectives. And I can connect with a lot of people since I understand their cultures and backgrounds much better. Moving around a lot also gave me opportunities to meet and be mentored by so many wonderful individuals in all aspects of life, from my aunt who is a pharmacist, my dear friend who is an immigration lawyer, my faculty in dental school to my endo mentors in Tampa and many more. As I get older, I am just more and more grateful for all the things that have happened in life to put me in this position right now.
The Paper Point: I love that! Your gratitude is so palpable. So tell us, what initially sparked your interest in endodontics? Was there a moment when you knew this specialty was the right fit for you?
Dr. Ho: You know, it is a bit corny to say, but I always really enjoyed endodontics in dental school. I remember completing my very first root canal as a dental student and it was a mandibular first molar with 4 canals (I still have the radiographs of the case with me, by the way). I vividly remember all the details of the procedure and the “high” of finding that second distal canal then obturate everything nicely (with cold lateral compaction too!). I have always looked for that joy again. After dental school, when I was practicing as a GP, I decided to shadow O.S, Perio, and Endo.
I just wanted to learn all the tricks from these specialists but never thought about going back to school. However, my mentors at Advanced Endodontics of Tampa were so gracious to let me spend hours and hours with them. They were helping me to be a better clinician but also encouraged me to apply to endo because they saw the potential in me. I am forever grateful. My last 2 out of the 6 years I spent as a GP really confirmed my love for endo. I was much happier doing a root canal than prepping a crown or doing a cosmetic case. Endo really brings me joy and pushes my curious mind to the next level.
The Paper Point: That is so relatable! It is really hard to shake once you’ve been bit by the endo bug. Congratulations on being elected chief resident for your second year! That’s a huge accomplishment!! What does that role mean to you, and how do you hope to support your co-residents?
Dr. Ho: Thank you so much for your kind words. This really means so much to me to be trusted by my co-residents, my faculty and the department staff to have selected little old me as Chief. I hope that I can support my co-residents with organizing events, resources, and humbly contribute to them with the little real-life practicing experience that I have had so far. I really want to take some of the weights off my faculty’s shoulders in upholding the program’s values and making sure it shines as much as it deserves.
The Paper Point: It sounds like they are very lucky to have you! I know you’re gonna be great. I know you’ve been on quite the journey since graduating dental school in 2018. How has that experience shaped your approach to both dentistry and patient care?
Dr. Ho: I am so blessed to have had so many mentors along the way and experienced different patient care situations. I can truly say that I understand dentistry from both sides of the table (as a GP and soon, as a specialist). My own experience helps me to relate to the patient and to be compassionate to their situation. At the same time, I can understand the perspective of a GP and their treatment plan. This ultimately allows me to communicate with the GP better and still uphold the patient’s best interests while continuing to do my part as an endodontist to the best of my abilities.
The Paper Point: I’m positive that will come in handy for you once you start life as an endodontist! For dental students who might be considering endodontics, what’s one piece of advice you wish someone had shared with you when you were starting out?
Dr. Ho: First, try to do as many endo cases as possible in your pre-doctoral program. Try to really learn and be meticulous about your craft. Second, try to find mentors or make time to shadow different specialists. You will learn a lot by just spending time with a specialist at their office but it will also confirm that you actually enjoy endodontics. Because at the end of the day, you have to love endodontics to commit to doing it at a high level every single day for many years ahead.
The Paper Point: So true! What we do is hard, and you’ve gotta love it to be the best that you can be. Life in residency can be pretty demanding. What do you enjoy doing for fun when you find time to unwind?
Dr. Ho: Things definitely can get quite busy but I am so grateful for my fiance’s support throughout this whole journey. I usually enjoy relaxing at home with my fiancé and my dogs; playing Fifa on Xbox. And lately playing pickleball with my friends.
The Paper Point: It’s so important to have a way to decompress after a long day! I heard you have two dogs who are basically your kids! What are their names, and how do they help you relax after a long day?
Dr. Ho: Yes they are. I love animals and particularly, dogs. Our two current dogs are Gia (a 2 y/o Shih Tzu) and Diesel (our rescued 8 y/o Pit-Lab mix). Dogs are very routine creatures so they really keep me on track with my daily practices. Walking them or just laying with them relaxes my mind and gives me time away from all the busy and stressful factors of my life.
The Paper Point: I love that! So tell us, how did you get into barbering? Cutting hair for classmates and staff during dental school is pretty unique! Do you still get to show off those skills at NOVA?
Dr. Ho: So I started cutting hair in undergrad just as a way to save money. But one thing about me is that once I start a hobby, I am fully invested. So after many YouTube videos and bad haircuts on myself and some beloved friends, I became decent at it. Then I actually started making a little bit of money cutting in undergrad and in dental school. But barbering is just a way for me to connect with people from all walks of life. A 40-minute haircut can be a fun conversation about last night’s basketball game, an impromptu therapy session, or just a quiet moment for someone to be away from all the chaos in their life. Interestingly, barbers back in the day were also “dentists” doing extractions in their chair. So somehow, I picked up barbering as a craft and now dentistry as a profession. Funny how life works.
At NOVA, since my schedule is quite busy, I told my co-residents that I will be an emergency barber if they need a last minute haircut but they have to have their own “primary provider” [Smiles.]
The Paper Point: Haha, that’s great! And also a very unique skill so that’s amazing. You’re a big sports fan—soccer, basketball, football, tennis, and more. Is there one sport that’s taught you valuable life lessons that you apply in your career?
Dr. Ho: Yes, I absolutely love sports. I don’t think I can single out just one sport. Because every sport is so different but they all can teach you patience, perseverance, hard work, teamwork, respect to your coaches/mentors, and the competitiveness to strive to be the best version of yourself.
The Paper Point: Very nice! As you approach the finish line of your residency, what’s next? Do you see yourself heading into private practice, teaching, or maybe something else?
Dr. Ho: I definitely would love to go back to the Tampa area to practice as an endodontist. I was so fortunate to have made some good relationships as a GP and hopefully will be graciously accepted in the community as a specialist. I would like some mentorship in private practice in the beginning but then eventually open my own practice. If fortunate enough, I would like to be an adjunct faculty at NOVA Endo maybe once a month, to give back to the program that has given me so much.
The Paper Point: It’s so important to give back to your alma mater! And besides graduating, I’m sure you and your fiancée are excited to finally start planning your wedding. Any big plans yet?
Dr. Ho: Yes, we have been engaged for three years so far and have been together for nine years total. This wedding is long overdue. My fiancé and my mother-in-law are doing all the big plans, as they do enjoy this process. I will just add in some details if I am allowed to do so, haha. But hopefully we will be able to get this big party going at the end of 2026.
The Paper Point: That’s so awesome. Best of luck to you both with the planning and the wedding!
Binh, it’s been great getting to know more about your journey! Thanks again for sharing your story—best of luck with the rest of your residency and everything that’s ahead! Before you go, do you have any final words for our readers?
Dr. Ho: I want to thank everyone for reading about my story. I am so grateful to be a part of this beautiful specialty and have met so many wonderful people along the way. I am looking forward to learning a lot from everyone and enjoying this love of endo with all of you. Thank you for having me and it is such an honor for me to be here.
From navigating life in a new country to becoming NOVA’s next chief resident, Dr. Binh Ho’s journey is a testament to dedication, resilience, and passion—both in and out of the clinic. As he looks ahead to completing his residency, planning a wedding, and advancing his career in endodontics, it’s clear that his future is as bright as his smile. The AAE community is excited to see where his path leads next!
Dr. Carpenter is a member of the AAE’s Resident and New Practitioner Committee.