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Each August, the AAE, with the generous support of the Foundation for Endodontics, hosts APICES, our annual meeting for residents in conjunction with the AAE Educator Workshop.  This weekend is affectionately known as “Endopalooza”, and each year it is eagerly anticipated by residents and educators alike.  This year, the city of St. Louis was our host for the event, and despite near record heat – not to mention humidity, a great time was had by all.

Each year the Educator Workshop rotates between Department Chairs, Graduate Program Directors, and Pre-doctoral Directors.  This summer the focus was on our Graduate Program Directors, and it was very well attended with more than 40 directors making the trip.  The presentation topics were devoted to the application process, including the usefulness and relevance of the ADAT exam as well as the competitive and increasingly chaotic interview and offer process.  Despite efforts in the past to establish some structure to the process of interviewing and selecting residents, it remains unorganized, and from the perspective of the applicant, unfair.  We were treated to a presentation on the Match, which is used by all of the other dental specialties, Endodontics being the only holdout, and the information presented was detailed and comprehensive.  Whether we will garner enough support among the programs to make a move in that direction remains to be seen, but productive discussions were part of our meeting as well.  This feedback will provide the Educational Affairs Committee with valuable insight with which to formulate recommendations for some change and structure to improve the selection of residents going forward.

The program for the APICES portion of the weekend included a wide variety of presentations, beginning with the traditional “Get to Know Your Specialty”. This session includes the Presidents of the AAE, the American Board of Endodontics, the Foundation for Endodontics, and the College of Diplomates, and is intended to acquaint residents with the organizations that helped establish and maintain our specialty and the roles that each play in that critical support structure.  By highlighting the benefits of AAE membership, such as advocacy, continuing education, publications, and much more, we hope to encourage our residents to continue their membership not only after their program ends, but for the duration of their careers.  Other lectures included such topics as “Things I Wish I Knew in Residency”, Compensation for Endodontic procedures, Post-graduate life, “Ten Ways to Lose a Referral”, and just to make sure we had some scientific clinical information, Dr. Azim presented on the topic of Cervical Root Resorption.

Although these two meetings are held concurrently, the lectures are separate, given the two different audiences.  That is not to say that there is no opportunity for interaction.  A robust exhibit “hall” populated with a variety of vendors is open to both groups, and a lot of mingling occurred during the lunch break.  There were also evening social events that provided ample opportunity to catch up with old friends as well as make new acquaintances, and some bonding time over a mechanical bull …

APICES was the first of its kind – a meeting for residents, planned by residents, and it has been emulated by other specialties since its inception, but it has never been surpassed in its longevity or its impact on our resident community.  Even more remarkable is that attendance at this meeting is almost entirely subsidized by support from the Foundation for Endodontics.  The hotel accommodations and a significant amount toward airfare is provided for each of the residents in attendance – dependent upon their attending each of the lectures of course.  The value and importance of this early engagement extend far beyond the dollar investment required to make it happen.  By demonstrating the value of membership in the AAE as well as the philanthropy of the Foundation , we hope to inspire life-long participation and advocacy on behalf of our specialty and dentistry in general.  If you are eligible to attend either event, I would encourage you to do so as it is both informative and inspiring.  If you are not eligible to attend, you can still support this effort by making a contribution to the Foundation for Endodontics in appreciation for their support of “Endopalooza”  Next year’s host city will be New Orleans where we will undoubtedly “Laissez les Bon Temps Roulez”.  I hope that you can join us if possible.

Root canal misinformation isn’t going away—but the evidence against it continues to grow stronger.

The AAE has updated its Root Canal Safety Fact Sheet(opens in new tab), giving members a timely, evidence-based resource to help address patient questions and misinformation about the safety of endodontic treatment.

The updated fact sheet reinforces decades of research contradicting the long-discredited “focal infection theory” and addresses the continued spread of root canal misinformation on social media. It also expands the conversation with emerging research examining the relationship between endodontic infection, treatment and systemic health.

What’s new?

The updated resource incorporates recent research, including a landmark two-year longitudinal study from researchers at King’s College London(opens in new tab) examining patients following successful root canal treatment. The study found significant changes in glucose and lipid metabolism and systemic inflammatory markers following treatment—adding to emerging evidence about the relationship between chronic oral infection and overall health.

The fact sheet also includes:

  • New guidance for discussing root canal safety and misinformation with patients
  • Emerging evidence related to endodontic treatment and systemic metabolic and inflammatory health
  • Greater emphasis on collaboration between dental and medical professionals
  • Updated research and references, including recent studies examining apical periodontitis and systemic health
  • Practical resources members can share with patients who have questions or concerns

While emerging research continues to develop, the message remains clear: there is no valid scientific evidence linking endodontically treated teeth with systemic disease.

We encourage you to review the updated fact sheet and keep it handy as a resource for conversations with patients, referring dentists and other health professionals.

VIEW THE UPDATED ROOT CANAL SAFETY FACT SHEET(opens in new tab)

Together, we can help patients separate fact from misinformation—and reinforce the value of evidence-based endodontic care and preserving the natural tooth.

By Mohamed I. Fayad, D.D.S., M.S., Ph.D. and Jaime J. Silberman, D.D.S., M.S.

The preservation of natural teeth is the cornerstone of Endodontic care. Technology continues to evolve and endodontists are more equipped with innovative tools that enhance precision and support minimally invasive approaches. Among the most significant advancements is dynamic navigation, a real-time computer assisted guidance technology.

Dynamic navigation combines three-dimensional imaging, digital treatment planning and optical tracking technology to guide clinicians during non-surgical and surgical treatment. It allows clinicians to visualize the position of their instruments in real time relative to a patient’s anatomy and is a step forward in endodontics ongoing commitment to preserving natural teeth through precise, predictive and conservative treatment.

Dynamic navigation utilizes cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging, specialized software, and tracking devices to create a virtual treatment plan before a non-surgical or surgical procedure. During treatment the clinician receives real-time feedback on instrument position, angulation and depth, enabling precise execution of the planned treatment.

Supporting the AAE Mission of Saving Natural Teeth:

The American Association of Endodontists has always championed the importance of saving natural teeth. Dynamic navigation aligns with this mission as precision-guided treatment allows clinicians to remove less healthy tooth structure thus supporting the biological and functional preservation of natural dentition.

Non-Surgical Application:

One of the most common applications of dynamic navigation is the management of calcified canals and pulp canal obliteration. Traditional approaches often require extensive exploration and may increase the risk of perforation or excessive removal of tooth structure.

Dynamic navigation enables clinicians to preplan a precise pathway to the canal space and follow that pathway in real time. This guided approach can significantly improve efficiency while preserving surrounding dentin and reducing iatrogenic complications. Several studies compared navigated and freehand access cavity preparation by evaluating tooth substance loss. It was concluded that navigated access cavity preparations resulted in significantly less mean substance loss with optimal and efficient precision in locating calcified root canals in comparison with freehand access preparations (1).

Dynamic navigation also offers advantages in endodontic retreatment, cases involving complex root canal anatomy, developmental anomalies, or unusual configuration. Dynamic navigation can assist clinicians in identifying optimal access trajectories while minimizing or disrupting the existing restorations. (Fig.1)

Fig 1. Non-Surgical Application Case. (A) Initial radiograph of the lower central incisors (# 24 and # 25) showing coronal and mid-root pulp canal obliterations, respectively. (B) The 3D-DNS main components are: 1) The tracking system-Stereoscopic cameras (red arrow); 2) The tracking markers (green arrow); and 3) The navigation software and display (yellow arrow). (C) Motion tracking accessories are attached to the high-speed handpiece and to the patient’s jaw during the procedure. (D) In the operative field, the computer-assisted system uses a pre-acquired CBCT scan. Through optical technology, it provides the clinician with real-time guidance of the surgical bur relative to the patient’s planned CBCT image volume. (E) Final radiograph following non-surgical endodontic therapies.

Surgical Applications:

Surgical procedures often require precise localization of the root apices and careful management of surrounding anatomical structures. Using dynamic navigation, clinicians can accurately plan osteotomy location, size, and surgical pathways and root resection level and angulation prior to surgical treatment. This can reduce unnecessary bone removal and support minimally invasive surgical access. The accuracy and efficiency of three- dimensional dynamic navigation system (3D-DNS) for performing minimally invasive osteotomy and root end resection as well as the viability of root end cavity preparation (RECP) and root end fill (REF) in endodontic microsurgery (EMS) was evaluated (2). It was  concluded that 3D-DNS enabled clinicians to perform EMS with high precision and efficiency while facilitating minimally invasive osteotomy and precise root end resection. The surgeon was able to perform RECP with adequate REF in minimally invasive osteotomy utilizing 3D-DNS.

Dynamic navigation is specifically beneficial when treating cases involving proximity to the critical anatomical structures such as maxillary sinus, inferior alveolar nerve, mental foramen, or adjacent tooth roots. Enhanced spatial awareness allows clinicians to approach these cases with greater confidence and predictability. By minimizing the extent of surgical intervention, navigation-assisted procedures may contribute to improved patient experience, reduced postoperative discomfort and preservation of healthy bone structures. (Fig.2)

Fig 2. Surgical Application Case. Cone-beam computed tomography scan. (A) Sagittal view, (B) Coronal view and (C) Axial view of an endodontically treated mandibular molar (Tooth # 19) with a low density image periapically in the mesial root. (D) Dynamic navigation technology was utilized to surgically manage the case using the cortical bony lid technique. (E) The fully guided procedure allowed the clinicians to perform the osteotomy, root-end resection, and biopsy simultaneously. (F) Reposition of the cortical bony lid. (G-I) Thirteen-month postoperative cone-beam computed tomography scan demonstrating satisfactory bone healing of the surgical defect.

Evidence and Future Directions:

A growing body of research supports the accuracy and clinical benefit of dynamic navigation in non-surgical and surgical endodontics. A systemic review evaluating the application, accuracy, advantage and limitations of dynamic navigation systems (DNS) in endodontics concluded that the DNS enables efficient management of complex clinical scenarios, including pulp canal obliteration, conservative access cavity preparation, endodontic retreatment, and endodontic microsurgery (3, 4). The use of DNS was associated with fewer iatrogenic errors and reduced operative time compared with conventional techniques. Laboratory investigations have demonstrated high levels of precision in accessing calcified canals and performing guided osteotomies (4, 5, 6, 7, 8). Clinical case reports and emerging studies continue to demonstrate promising results across a variety of non-surgical and surgical applications.

Fig. 3. Tooth #19 presented for guided surgery. (a) Attachment of the Fotona H14 handpiece to the Navident handpiece tracker (“Rocket”). (b) Axial view. (c, d) Coronal and 3D rendering views demonstrating the thick cortical bone and the mental nerve exit. (e) Low-density area associated with the distal root.

Fig. 4. Top left: Navident treatment planning demonstrating the buccal lid osteotomy and root-end resection. Real-time dynamic navigation was used throughout the procedure. (a) Buccal lid osteotomy performed under real-time dynamic navigation using the Fotona H14 handpiece and the chisel laser tip after calibration and accuracy verification. (b) Buccal lid following retrieval. (c) Immediate postoperative CBCT demonstrating repositioning of the buccal lid. (d) One-year follow-up CBCT demonstrating complete bone remodeling.

Looking Ahead:

Recently, the integration of dynamic navigation with Er:YAG laser technology has emerged as a promising advancement in guided dental surgery. This combined approach leverages the strengths of both technologies, providing the high level of precision and minimally invasive capabilities of dynamic navigation together with the favorable biological effects of Er:YAG lasers as preservation of osteoblast viability, reduces thermal damage to surrounding bone. The use of Er:YAG lasers has been associated with decreased postoperative pain, swelling and patient discomfort (9). (Fig.3 and Fig.4)

Conclusion:

The educational value of dynamic navigation should not be overlooked. Real-time visualization of the instrument movement within three-dimensional anatomy provides a powerful learning experience for residents and practicing clinicians.

Through precision-guided treatment and minimally invasive care, dynamic navigation presents how technological advancement can further the specialty’s commitment to saving teeth and improving patient’s oral health and quality of life.

References:

  1. Jain SD, Carrico CK, Bermanis I. 3-dimensional accuracy of dynamic navigation technology in locating calcified canals. J Endod. 2020;46(6):839-845.
  2. Aldahmash SA, Price JB, Mostoufi B, Griffin IL, Dianat O, Tordik PA, Martinho FC. Real-time 3-dimensional dynamic navigation system in endodontic microsurgery: A cadaver study. J Endod. 2022;48(7):922-929.
  3. Vasudevan A, Santosh SS, Selvakumar RJ, Sampath DT, Natanasabapathy V. Dynamic navigation in guided endodontics: A systematic review. Eur Endod J. 2022;7(2):81-91.
  4. Kapoor A, Alagarsamy R, Lal B, Rana AS, Kaur A, Sharma S, Logani A. Dynamic navigation in endodontics: Scope, benefits, and challenges—A systematic review. J Endod. 2025;51(7):879-889.
  5. Hirt L, Hildebrand H, Weiger R, Thieringer FM, Connert T, Leontiev W. Real-time guided endodontics with a miniaturized dynamic navigation system in calcified posterior teeth: Performance in regard to the operator’s level of experience. J Endod. 2025;51(11):1637-1643.
  6. Dianat O, Nosrat A, Tordik PA, Aldahmash SA, Romberg E, Price JB, Mostoufi B. Accuracy and efficiency of a dynamic navigation system for locating calcified canals. J Endod. 2020;46(11):1719-1725.
  7. Connert T, Weiger R, Krastl G. Present status and future directions—Guided endodontics. Int Endod J. 2022;55(Suppl 4):995-1002.
  8. Wei X, Du Y, Zhou X, Yue L, Yu Q, Hou B, Chen Z, Liang J, Chen W, Qiu L, Huang X, Meng L, Huang D, Wang X, Tian Y, Tang Z, Zhang Q, Miao L, Zhao J, Yang D, Yang J, Ling J. Expert consensus on digital guided therapy for endodontic diseases. Int J Oral Sci. 2023;15(1):54.
  9. Genç BGÇ, Orhan K, Or S. A clinical comparison of Er:YAG laser, piezosurgery, and conventional bur methods in impacted third molar surgery. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg. 2023;41(6):283-290.

Mohamed I. Fayad D.D.S., M.S., Ph.D. (Main Author), Endodontics LTD Private Practice, Chicago, is affiliated with the Department of Endodontics, University of Illinois Chicago. 

Jaime J. Silberman D.D.S., M.S. (Co-Author), Silberman Endodontics, of Boynton Beach, Fla., is affiliated with the Department of Endodontics, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, Fla.

Disclaimer

The views and opinions expressed by authors are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the American Association of Endodontists (AAE). Publication of these views does not imply endorsement by the AAE.

The American Association of Endodontists (AAE), in partnership with the Organized Dental Coalition (ODC) and more than 70 national health professional and patient advocacy organizations, recently urged Congress to advance the Ensuring Lasting Smiles Act (ELSA) (S. 1677/H.R. 3277). Through a coalition letter sent to leaders of the Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions and the House Committee on Energy and Commerce, the organizations called on Congress to schedule committee markups and move this bipartisan legislation forward before the end of the 119th Congress. 

The Ensuring Lasting Smiles Act addresses a longstanding gap in private health insurance coverage for children born with congenital anomalies affecting the eyes, ears, teeth, mouth, or jaw. Although many health plans indicate they cover congenital anomalies, families frequently encounter coverage denials when follow-up or reconstructive care is needed. Medically necessary services—including dental implants, prosthodontic treatment, orthodontics, and other restorative procedures—are often classified as cosmetic or shifted to supplemental dental or vision plans, leaving families responsible for significant out-of-pocket costs. 

For children with craniofacial conditions such as cleft lip and palate, ectodermal dysplasia, hypodontia, and other congenital anomalies, access to timely multidisciplinary care is critical. Treatment often spans several years and involves coordination among medical and dental specialists to restore normal function as a child grows and develops. Delays in care can affect speech, nutrition, breathing, oral function, and overall quality of life while creating unnecessary financial and emotional burdens for families. 

ELSA would help ensure that private group and individual health plans provide coverage for medically necessary services needed to improve, repair, or restore normal function for patients with qualifying congenital anomalies. The legislation is carefully tailored to address functional reconstructive care and does not require coverage for procedures performed solely for cosmetic purposes. Previous Congressional Budget Office analyses have estimated that the legislation would have a minimal impact on insurance premiums while helping families avoid costly delays in treatment. 

The legislation continues to receive strong bipartisan support in both chambers of Congress and is championed by Senators Tammy Baldwin (D-WI) and Joni Ernst (R-IA), along with Representatives Neal Dunn, D.M.D. (R-FL) and Kim Schrier, M.D. (D-WA). The broad coalition supporting ELSA reflects a shared commitment among healthcare providers and patient advocacy organizations to ensure children with congenital anomalies have access to medically necessary care without unnecessary insurance barriers. 

The AAE is proud to stand alongside the Organized Dental Coalition and its healthcare partners in advocating for policies that improve patient access to essential oral healthcare. As part of its broader advocacy efforts, the Association will continue working with Congress, coalition partners, and policymakers to advance practical solutions that remove barriers to care, strengthen insurance coverage for medically necessary treatment, and improve outcomes for patients and their families. 

The American Association of Endodontists (AAE), in collaboration with the American Dental Association (ADA), the Organized Dental Coalition (ODC), and other national dental organizations, recently expressed its support for the Ensuring Kids Have Access to Medically Necessary Dental Care Act. In a coalition letter sent to Senator Angela Alsobrooks (D-MD) and Representative Nanette Barragán (D-CA), the organizations thanked the lawmakers for introducing the legislation and reaffirmed their commitment to advancing policies that improve children’s access to essential oral healthcare. 

The proposed legislation would strengthen dental coverage under the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP) by prohibiting lifetime and annual dollar limits on dental benefits and requiring dental-only wraparound coverage for certain children whose existing health plans do not provide adequate dental benefits. These changes would help ensure that children enrolled in CHIP can receive medically necessary dental care without facing arbitrary financial limitations that may interrupt treatment or place additional financial burdens on families. 

Although CHIP has played a critical role in expanding access to healthcare for millions of children, gaps in dental coverage continue to create barriers for many families. Annual and lifetime benefit caps can leave children without coverage in the middle of treatment, forcing parents to delay care, pay significant out-of-pocket costs, or forgo treatment altogether. The coalition emphasized that oral health is a fundamental component of overall health and that children should have access to comprehensive dental care throughout their development. 

Routine preventive care and timely treatment help reduce the risk of dental disease, pain, infection, and costly emergency care while supporting healthy nutrition, speech development, learning, and overall well-being. Ensuring continuous access to dental services also helps providers deliver appropriate care without unnecessary interruptions caused by insurance limitations. Strengthening CHIP’s dental benefits would improve continuity of care while helping families better manage the financial challenges associated with ongoing treatment. 

By supporting this coalition effort, the AAE continues to advance its commitment to improving access to quality oral healthcare through federal advocacy. Working alongside the ADA, the Organized Dental Coalition (ODC), and other national dental organizations, the Association remains engaged in efforts to reduce barriers to medically necessary dental care, strengthen insurance coverage for patients, and promote policies that improve oral health outcomes for children and families across the country.

AAE Advocacy was on the ground at APICES, held August 14–15 in St. Louis, Missouri, connecting with endodontic residents and highlighting the important role advocacy plays in shaping the future of the specialty. 

Throughout the meeting, residents had the opportunity to connect directly with AAE Advocacy staff, learn more about the Association’s federal advocacy priorities, and take action in support of the Resident Education Deferred Interest (REDI) Act. AAE Advocacy staff engaged with approximately one-quarter of the residents in attendance, demonstrating strong interest among the next generation of endodontists in learning more about the issues affecting their profession and how they can make their voices heard. The bipartisan REDI Act would allow dental residents to defer federal student loan payments during residency without interest accruing during that period, helping reduce the financial burden many residents face while completing advanced specialty training. AAE has continued to support the REDI Act as part of its broader efforts to strengthen the dental workforce and support the next generation of endodontists. 

APICES also provided an important opportunity to introduce residents to grassroots advocacy early in their professional careers. Grassroots advocacy is a critical part of AAE’s overall advocacy strategy because lawmakers need to hear directly from the individuals who are affected by the policies they consider. While AAE staff can provide lawmakers with policy expertise and information, messages from practicing endodontists, residents, and other constituents help put a personal face on those issues and demonstrate their real-world impact. 

By participating in grassroots campaigns, AAE members can help educate elected officials about the challenges facing the specialty, reinforce the importance of policies that support patient access to high-quality endodontic care, and ensure that the voice of endodontists is represented in policy discussions. Even a simple message to a Member of Congress can help build awareness and strengthen the Association’s ability to advocate effectively on behalf of the specialty. 

Engaging residents at APICES is also an important investment in AAE’s long-term advocacy efforts. Residents represent the future of endodontics, and introducing them to advocacy now helps build a stronger, more informed network of members who are prepared to participate when important state and federal issues arise. AAE’s goal is to continue growing this nationwide grassroots network so that members can be mobilized quickly and effectively in support of legislation affecting endodontists and their patients. 

The enthusiasm and participation from residents in St. Louis reinforced an important message: advocacy is most effective when endodontists at every stage of their careers are informed, engaged, and willing to make their voices heard. 

By Daniel Carney, DDS

In March 2023, I attended my first “Advocacy Day” hosted at the Colorado State Capitol. My fellow dental school classmates and I felt that advocating for our profession was important as a general concept, but had little idea as to what exactly we could contribute as students. We showed up at the Colorado Dental Association’s invitation excited, but distinctly intimidated. I had gone over the briefs sent about the various legislative goals and bills, but felt inadequate when sitting in a room full of former leaders of the CDA and ADA. These people had not only practiced dentistry for decades, but also had been involved in shaping the very legislative efforts we were there to discuss. I listened to leaders go over the instructions and tips, and decided it would be best for everyone if I followed the lead of the more experienced dentists and simply nodded my head at their talking points. That dream was promptly squashed as these dentists informed us that we students would take the lead and discuss the proposals with every single legislator we met. And—much to my relief—the conversations went well. The legislators showed great interest and even when they disagreed, they welcomed our views. The efforts that day directly benefitted my patients and increased their access to care in Colorado. That day gave me much more confidence to continue advocating and making my voice heard. For the first time in my life, I was directly involved in the legislative process, and it sparked a passion for advocacy. I continued participating in events planned by the CDA and ADA, and it gave me confidence to contact my representatives for other matters I find personally important.

Luckily, I find myself still surrounded by experienced practitioners who prioritize advocating for endodontics and our patients. Having the President of the American Association of Endodontics as your division director has been an incredible experience. Dr. Noblett supported our efforts to continue advocating by allowing our department to participate in the Minnesota Dental Association’s “Dental Day” at the State Capitol this previous February. Eight endodontic residents (and their fearless leader Dr. Noblett) spent the day discussing bills and bonds, and the MDA said it was the most endodontists—or future endodontists in our case—they’d ever had. I asked Dr. Noblett why residents and endodontists alike should participate in advocacy, and he said, “It is critical that the voices and concerns of students and young practitioners be heard and there are no better messengers to articulate them than the students themselves. Having a student presence adds emphasis and impact to our message regarding the challenges facing dental care in the future.”

In an age of rampant misinformation, our roles as specialists and clinicians call for our participation in the public and legislative spheres. We can support the AAE’s strategic goal to “advocate for evidence-based and patient-centered endodontic care” and lend our voice to legislative processes. I’m so glad to have been mentored by dentists and endodontists who value advocacy efforts and encourage my participation, no matter my experience level. I’d encourage AAE members—residents and practitioners alike—to reach out to their local AAE section or state dental association and find out how they can be.

As the second installment in the AAE’s quarterly series on coding and reimbursement, this article explores practical strategies for writing strong dental narratives to support claim submissions and reimbursement outcomes.

Navigating dental benefits is an important part of practice management. Submitting a clear dental narrative is a key component during the insurance submission to make sure that your claims are approved upon the first submission. Additionally, a dental narrative may be requested from an insurance carrier when an insurance claim involves major or extensive dental treatment.

Tips for Submitting a Strong Dental Narrative

  1. Understand the dental benefit plans coverage inclusions and exclusions. Do not spend time and energy writing extensive narratives that will be denied based on the plan’s policy. Insurances are upfront about procedures that are not covered benefits. This information is readily available through the online portals. Alternatively, a verbal breakdown of the patient’s insurance benefits can be determined by speaking with the insurance carrier directly. Keep in mind these phone calls have long wait times. It may be wise to invest the time to train your administrative staff how to access each carrier’s online portals to be more productive.
  2. Customize each narrative to accurately explain the procedure in question. Prewritten dental narrative templates often result in denials. Templates tend to provide vague details and do not expertly narrate the procedure. A narrative should explain the patient’s dental problem and the procedural solution with factual evidence. Although writing individual narratives for each claim is time consuming, taking the extra steps and time to do so will results in a higher acceptance rate.
  3. Narratives should be succinct. You want to relay all relevant information to support your claim. Stick to the “who, what, where and why.” For example, a narrative for a non-surgical retreatment may include the following details:
    1. Date of initial root canal therapy
    2. The current condition of the tooth; restorative history, location of caries
    3. Pulp testing
    4. Description of a periapical lesion
    5. Endodontic and periodontic diagnosis
    6. Patient’s chief complaint or symptoms
    7. All radiographic imaging
  4. Add context to support the treatment provided. Explain to the insurer that failure to provide the procedure performed may result in future complications. Support your procedural decision with evidence-based facts such as non-surgical retreatment success rates.
  5. Always maintain professionalism. Proofread your narrative before submission. Do not abbreviate words or use catch phrases unfamiliar to a dental insurer. Attach all supporting documentation in the proper downloadable format to avoid further delays. This includes but is not limited to imaging and digital clinical notes.

Dental Narratives are not a guarantee that a claim will be approved and processed. However, a well prepared narrative remains an important part of the insurance submission process and can greatly speed up the reimbursement process.

Dental narratives are not a guarantee that a claim will be approved and processed. However, a well-prepared narrative remains an important part of the insurance submission process and can greatly speed up the reimbursement process.

Questions for Our Coding Experts?

The AAE Practice Affairs Code Maintenance Committee welcomes questions from AAE members related to CDT coding and reimbursement education. Members may contact advocacy@aae.org with coding-related questions.

By Dr. Mohamed Ibrahim

Academic integrity is a cornerstone of dental education. In preclinical and clinical training, students are not only learning technical procedures but also developing the ethical habits that will guide their future patient care. As assessment methods continue to evolve, dental schools need reliable ways to ensure fairness, consistency, and trust in competency-based education.

In preclinical endodontic education, students are often assessed through nonsurgical root canal treatment procedures on typodont or 3D-printed teeth. Radiographs are taken at different stages of treatment, including the preoperative image, working length determination, master apical file, master apical cone, and final obturation. These images document treatment progression and help verify that the procedure was completed on the same tooth.

However, traditional oversight may not always detect subtle forms of academic dishonesty. For example, a student could potentially substitute a radiograph from another tooth or another procedure, making inconsistencies difficult to identify through manual review alone. While most students act with honesty and professionalism, even rare incidents can affect fairness and trust in the assessment process.

To address this challenge, our team developed an artificial intelligence model to detect inconsistencies among radiographs taken during preclinical endodontic procedures. The goal was not to replace faculty judgment, but to provide an additional objective screening tool to support educators in identifying cases that require closer review.

The model was based on a Siamese neural network, an AI architecture designed to compare two images and determine how similar they are. In this project, the model compared pairs of radiographs taken during different stages of root canal treatment. Radiographs from the same student’s procedure should demonstrate consistent tooth morphology and treatment progression, while images from different teeth or cases may show discrepancies.

The dataset included 3,390 radiographs from six previous preclinical nonsurgical root canal treatment competency exams involving 678 students. These radiographs allowed the model to evaluate continuity across treatment stages and determine whether submitted images appeared to belong to the same tooth.

The AI model showed strong performance. It achieved an overall accuracy of 89.31%, with precision of 76.82%, sensitivity of 84.82%, and an F1-score of 80.50%. The optimal similarity threshold was identified at 0.48. Cases close to this threshold were classified as “inconclusive,” meaning they required faculty review rather than an automatic decision. Figures 1 &2 show example of inconsistent pairs with low similarity scores.

This human oversight is essential. In academic integrity matters, fairness requires careful interpretation, context, and professional judgment. Therefore, any case flagged as inconsistent or inconclusive should be reviewed by faculty before a final determination is made. The AI system serves as a first layer of screening, helping educators focus attention on cases that may need further evaluation.

The study also examined how AI support influenced educator decision-making. Fifteen dental educators reviewed radiograph pairs during mock exam conditions. Without AI assistance, educators correctly identified 12.82% of manipulated radiographs. With AI guidance, detection accuracy increased to 63.89%. These findings suggest that AI can help educators identify subtle inconsistencies that may otherwise be missed.

At the same time, AI assistance increased review time. The average decision time increased from 143.15 seconds without AI to 263.92 seconds with AI. This likely reflects the additional effort required to interpret AI-generated labels and review flagged cases carefully. Although this adds cognitive load, it may be a reasonable trade-off when the goal is to improve accuracy, fairness, and confidence in high-stakes assessments.

The project also highlighted important lessons for responsible AI implementation. First, faculty training is critical. Educators need clear guidelines on how to interpret AI outputs, especially inconclusive results. Second, the use of AI should remain transparent and ethically grounded. Students should understand that the purpose of the system is to promote fairness and consistency, not to create a punitive environment. Third, AI outputs should be documented and reviewed through an established academic integrity process.

The model has limitations. Its performance depends on standardized radiographic imaging. Variations in exposure, angulation, or image quality may affect classification and lead to false-positive or inconclusive results. In addition, the current model was developed using data from a single institution. Future studies should validate the approach across multiple dental schools to determine whether the model performs consistently in different educational settings.

Despite these limitations, this work demonstrates the potential of artificial intelligence to strengthen assessment integrity in dental education. By identifying radiographic inconsistencies more efficiently and objectively, AI can support faculty while preserving fairness for students. More broadly, this approach shows how AI can be used responsibly in education: not as a replacement for educators, but as a tool that supports better decision-making.

As dental education continues to incorporate new technologies, the focus should remain on trust, transparency, and ethical implementation. Responsible AI integration can help promote academic integrity, support faculty, and prepare students for a profession where honesty, accountability, and technical excellence are inseparable.

Figure (1) Preoperative and obturation inconsistent pairs with low similarity scores 0.003, representing radiographs from different cases.

Figure (2) showing the original obturation radiograph and the substituted one

Mohamed Ibrahim, BDS, MS, DMD, PhD, MS, is Clinical Professor, Director, Pre-Doctoral Endodontics, Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Marquette University.

The American Association of Endodontists has published two new member-exclusive analyses from Fluent Research: the Q1 2026 Endodontic Market Landscape Report and the Q1 2026 Endodontic Market Landscape Report: Miscellaneous CDT Codes Analysis.

Together, the reports provide a comprehensive view of how commercially insured patients are accessing endodontic care and how practice patterns continue to evolve.

Because the analyses are based on insurance claims, they reflect utilization within the commercially insured population and may not capture procedures performed outside the insured environment. Several notable trends emerged.

Endodontic Treatment Volume Continues to Shift

A notable finding from the Endodontic Market Landscape report is a decline in endodontic treatment volume within the commercially insured population analyzed by Fluent.

According to the report, treatment volume declined 2.3% in 2024 and an additional 5.7% in 2025. While those numbers may appear concerning at first glance, researchers cautioned against interpreting them as a direct measure of all endodontic care occurring nationwide.

Insurance claims reflect not only treatment decisions but also changes in insurance enrollment, and benefit design. The findings suggest several possible factors that may have contributed to the trend.

One factor is a reduction in the number of patients covered by commercial dental insurance. Fluent’s projections, based on the National Association of Dental Plans (NADP) total insured population, indicate that the commercially insured market was smaller than in previous years, with the total insured population declining approximately 2–3% from 2023 to 2024. At the same time, many Medicare Advantage plans have modified dental benefits, shifting from more comprehensive coverage toward preventive and diagnostic-focused models.

Endodontists Increased Their Share of Procedures

Although overall treatment volume declined, endodontists continued to perform a larger share of endodontic procedures.

The percentage of treatments performed by endodontists increased from 43% in 2023 to 45% in 2025. During the same period, the percentage performed by general practitioners declined from 46% to 45%, while the percentage performed by other specialties declined from 11% to 10%.

Treatment volume among endodontists also proved more resilient than among other provider groups. Endodontist-performed procedures declined 0.7% in 2024 and 2.0% in 2025, compared with declines of 2.5% and 7.0%, respectively, for general practitioners. This suggests that even as overall demand softens, more complex cases continue to be referred to specialists.

Demographic Shifts Are Reshaping Endodontic Care

One of the clearest findings in the report is a shift in the demographic profile of endodontic patients.

Within the claims data analyzed, adults age 65 and older were the only age group to show growth in treatment volume during 2024. Although utilization moderated somewhat in 2025, older adults continue to represent a growing share of endodontic care. At the same time, younger age groups, including patients ages 0 to 19, experienced declining utilization.

Researchers attribute these changes to several long-term trends. Americans are retaining their natural teeth longer and entering retirement with more heavily restored dentitions, increasing the need for tooth-preserving treatment later in life. Expanded dental coverage through Medicare Advantage may also be contributing to greater utilization among older adults.

Researchers also noted that advances in preventive and minimally invasive dentistry could influence future treatment patterns. New therapies designed to arrest or reverse early carious lesions before they progress may reduce the need for endodontic treatment among younger patients. Although it is too early to understand the full impact of these innovations, they are expected to play an increasing role in how dental disease is managed.

Taken together, these findings suggest that future demand for endodontic care will be influenced by both an aging population and continued advances in prevention and early intervention.

Shifts in Endodontic Procedure Mix

The analysis identified shifts within procedure categories. Pulp capping increased its share of treatment volume from 11% in 2023 to 12% in 2025. Procedures classified as “other,” driven in part by intraorifice barriers, increased from 4% to 5%. Pulpotomy and endodontic therapy each experienced modest declines in overall share during the study period, reflecting broader changes in how disease is managed and treated earlier in its progression.

State-Level Trends Varied, but All Major Markets Declined in 2025

The eight states with the highest treatment volume, California, Florida, Illinois, New York, Pennsylvania, Texas, Virginia, and Washington, all experienced declines in 2025.

Declines ranged from 4.2% in Florida to 15.2% in New York. While state-level performance varied during 2024, every major market analyzed experienced lower treatment volume in 2025. Regional economic conditions, differences in insurance coverage, and local provider dynamics likely contributed to the variation in decline across states.

Diagnostic and Imaging Services Continued to Expand

The Miscellaneous CDT Codes Analysis identified continued growth across diagnostic and imaging-related procedures.

Combined treatment volume for the miscellaneous CDT codes analyzed increased 6.8% in 2024 and 5.0% in 2025.

Radiographic imaging codes D0220 and D0230 accounted for the largest share of utilization, representing more than 200 million projected procedures in 2025.

Among lower-volume codes, D0364 (CBCT with interpretation and report) demonstrated the strongest growth, increasing 13.4% in 2024 and 11.0% in 2025. The analysis also found continued growth in consultation services, pulp vitality testing, and post-removal procedures.

Imaging Utilization Continued to Increase

Imaging-related services represented the fastest-growing category among the miscellaneous CDT codes analyzed.

Growth occurred across all provider types and age groups. General practitioners performed the majority of imaging and diagnostic procedures, although utilization also increased among endodontists and other specialists. The report projects continued growth in imaging utilization through 2026, driven by advances in technology, increased accessibility, and the growing role of imaging in diagnosis and treatment planning.

Large Group Practices Continued to Expand

Practice size remained an important differentiator.

Practices with 50 or more locations increased treatment volume by 12.2% in 2024 and 8.1% in 2025 within the miscellaneous CDT code analysis. By comparison, solo practices grew 5.5% in 2024 and 6.1% in 2025.

Within the core endodontic treatment analysis, large group practices experienced smaller declines than solo practices and continued to gain market share.

Key Takeaways

The Fluent reports identified several important trends within the commercially insured marketplace:

  • Endodontists continue to perform an increasing share of endodontic procedures.
  • Adults age 65 and older represent a growing segment of the patient population.
  • Diagnostic imaging, including CBCT, continues to expand.
  • Large group practices continue to gain market share relative to smaller practice models.

While claims-based analyses do not capture every procedure performed nationwide, they provide valuable insight into utilization patterns and evolving market dynamics affecting endodontic care. As patient demographics, technology, and practice models continue to evolve, these findings provide an important benchmark for understanding the forces shaping the future of endodontic care.